Effects of Industrialization
Industrial Revolution increased the material wealth of the Western world, spelt an end to dominance of agriculture and initiated significant social changes. Work environment changed drastically and the West became an urban civilisation.
Industrial Revolution: A Brief Account
Industrial Revolution increased the material wealth of the Western world, spelt an end to dominance of agriculture and initiated significant social changes. Work environment changed drastically and the West became an urban civilisation.
Industrial revolution can be divided into roughly two parts. The first Industrial Revolution began sometime in the 18th century and lasted till approximately 1830. Initially it was mostly confined to Britain. The second was from mid 19th century until early 20th century and took place in Britain, larger parts of continental Europe, North America and Japan. In the later part of the 20th century, the second industrial revolution spread to other parts of the world. The period before Industrial Revolution was mostly was slow and static. From 1300 to 1750 almost all the people lived in the countryside and were either peasants, soldiers or worked for the monarch or the church. The simple societies of the European world were divided into three basic orders: The Monarch, The Clergy and The Peasants. Children learnt to milk cows, churn butter and tend to farm animals. Generation after generation rural families relied on tools like the wooden plough. Population did not grow too much as poverty wars plague and poor hygiene and diet resulted in high death rate. Wealth and resources were concentrated in the hands of just a few, mainly the monarch and the clergy. Most people lived on subsistence level with very little or no savings. Peasants struggled to meet even the basic needs of their families. The clergy and the nobility were never taxed but the poor peasants and craftsmen had to bear the burden of heavy taxes.
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