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Cold-Dry and Cold-Wet Climate

The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh come under the cold climatic zone of India. The cold climatic zone is further differentiated into two subcategories depending upon the change in climatic and physical features of the region. Cold and Dry climatic zone: The cold and Dry (Sunny) Climatic zone is experienced […]

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The states of Jammu and Kashmir, Uttarakhand, Sikkim, and Arunachal Pradesh come under the cold climatic zone of India. The cold climatic zone is further differentiated into two subcategories depending upon the change in climatic and physical features of the region.

Cold and Dry climatic zone:

The cold and Dry (Sunny) Climatic zone is experienced in the higher altitudes of Leh and Ladakh. Scanty vegetation, Dry climate, and mountainous topography are a few characteristics of the cold and dry climatic zone. It is also called as Cold desert. Humidity is less in this zone leading to less precipitation as the regions are in the rain shadow of high mountains which obstruct the moisture-laden clouds. The summers in this zone are comparatively hot and dry and winters are brutally cold. This zone experiences intense solar radiation with a very low percentage of diffused light. the precipitation is less than 200 mm per year and relative humidity experienced is 10 to 15 %. The winter temperatures fall up to -17 degrees and the maximum winter temperature experienced is 8 degrees.

Cold and Wet Climatic zone:

The cold and wet (Cloudy) Climatic zone is experienced at high altitudes in the foothills of Himalayas, Shimla, Shillong, Shrinagar and even Mahabaleshwar in Maharashtra. The characteristics of this climatic zone are dependent on the altitude which brings out the common climatic conditions in the zone. They are the highland regions having abundant vegetation in summer, as they experience rainfall also. Hence relative humidity is high, between 70 to 80 % with total precipitation of 1000 mm distributed over the year. The sky is overcast throughout the year. The winter temperatures of this zone range between 4 to 8 degrees during the day and fall up to 13 to 4 degrees at night.

The average temperatures in both zones are low throughout the year. The summer temperatures are between 20 – 30 degrees while in winters it can range from -3 to 8 degrees Celcius. The summers in this zone are cool with morning temperatures ranging between 20 – 30 degrees and night temperatures between 17 – 27 degrees Celcius.

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