Ancient Egyptian Architecture – II (Middle & New Kingdom)
Ancient Egyptians had an agricultural economy, an organised government system, social traditions and a set of strictly enforced laws. Egyptians had a stable society and such stability allowed for achievements in several areas. The numeric system (including fractions), a written language, mummification, time keeping, Papyrus, courts and justice system, eye-makeup and door locks are among its most […]
Ancient Egyptians had an agricultural economy, an organised government system, social traditions and a set of strictly enforced laws. Egyptians had a stable society and such stability allowed for achievements in several areas. The numeric system (including fractions), a written language, mummification, time keeping, Papyrus, courts and justice system, eye-makeup and door locks are among its most famous achievements.
By the time of the Middle Kingdom (around 1800 BCE), there was lot of development in mathematics. This knowledge of mathematics was used for designing buildings. The great stone temples dedicated to the gods were the most notable architectural achievements of the New Kingdom.
Middle Kingdom : 2030 BCE – 1640 BCE
Dynasties XI to XVII
By the end of the Old Kingdom, Egypt started to suffer economically due to the financing of mortuary monuments & lower inundations of the Nile, which led to the decentralization of power finally resulting to many civil wars in different regions. During the 11th Dynasty, under the rule of king Nebhepetre Mentuhotep II Egypt was reunited again.
New Kingdom: 1550BCE -1070 BCE
The Theban rulers of the 18th Dynasty started the New Kingdom, who succeeded in driving the Hyksos out of Egypt. They attributed their victory over the Hyksos to the support of their local god, Amen, and later credited him with the military advances in Asia, which laid the foundations of the Egyptian empire.The kings of Egypt associated Amen with the sun god Re, with the help of the priests, creating an all-powerful deity Amen-Re.
Egypt’s foreign conquests reached their peak by mid – 18th century Dynasty, the God’s universality and role as creator of all peoples were emphasized. His great temple at Karnak shows unequaled and unprecedented power. Amen-Re became the supreme state god and the “King of Gods,” who assimilated the characteristics and powers of other major deities such as Re, Min, and Ptah.
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